Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
Case Study 1: A tool for planning low emissions development at the subnational level
A low emissions development strategies planning tool, Land Use Planning for Low Emissions Development Strategies (LUWES), was developed, tested and used in multiple settings at landscape scale (with landscape scale explicitly considered as a subnational jurisdictional/planning level of governance) under various Norway, European Union and World Bank funded initiatives (REALU/SECURED, REDD ALERT and Opportunity Costs Analysis Methods Manual), and as part of FTA and the ASB Partnership.
The purpose was to estimate emission reduction potential, costs and benefits under multiple development scenarios for planning, decision-making and learning purposes. LUWES provides a set of tools and principles that allow for a participatory approach involving all stakeholders at the landscape level who participate in land-use planning and decision-making. The tool allows stakeholders to work out scenarios on how best to reduce emissions while at the same time deriving livelihood, economic and social benefits.
The Indonesian National Development Planning Ministry approved LUWES for use in government planning processes. It has been used by 30 of Indonesia’s 33 provinces. LUWES has also been applied at a national level in Panama, at a regional level in Ucayali, Peru, and at a municipal level in Cameroon, with benefits observed. This tool is being further developed to address the full suite of ecosystem tradeoffs and benefits in landscape-level planning.
| Case Study 2: Changing mindsets and landscapes in South Sulawesi, Indonesia | |
| South Sulawesi in Indonesia has faced multiple environmental, livelihood and development challenges. A US$9.3m project titled Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi: Linking Knowledge to Action (AgFor), co-funded by Global Affairs Canada, implemented by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) under the FTA umbrella, sought to address these challenges, which included: | |
| • | Low diversity of rural livelihoods systems, high dependence on exotic commodity crops and the ensuing exposure to risk; |
| • | Suboptimal watershed management, with soil erosion, sedimentation, landslides and floods; |
| • | Lack of land tenure titles for women, poor and marginalized people, with little awareness of, or access to, channels for certification or clarification of land status; |
| • | Weak local governance and weak community participation in land-use planning. |
| After four years, the project has brought about change in several districts by: | |
| • | Implementing new strategies for sustainable livelihoods and conservation developed by AgFor in Bantaeng, Bulukumba, Jeneponto and Gowa. For example, through training in agroforestry and forestry, farmers could consistently improve their farm livelihoods, with gradients of intensity from intensive rice fields to natural forest, while also providing ecosystem services that benefit not only themselves but also the wider community; |
| • | Enabling recognition of the Kajang indigenous people of Bulukumba within an enhanced inclusive and participatory governance framework; |
| • | Successfully developing and applying a method for assessing agroforestry coping and adaptation strategies for climate change and market variability called the Capacity-strengthening Approach to Vulnerability Assessment (CaSAVA). CaSAVA is now applied by other FTA projects in other countries. |