Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
In the myriad national and subnational Latin American contexts, oil palm expansion has led to varied and often controversial outcomes (Castiblanco, Etter and Ramirez 2015; Richard and Aide 2017). Evidence is emerging that oil palm adoption can have positive impacts on smallholder livelihoods (e.g., Feintrenie, Chong and Levang 2010), but impacts depend on the relationships between farmers and processors. Key aspects include types of supply arrangement, such as nucleus estates with smallholder outgrowers versus independent farmers, and technical aspects, e.g., prescribed technological packages, minimum area required, minimum supply volumes and technical assistance.
Authors:
Miccolis, A.; Robiglio, V.; Cornelius, J.P.; Blare, T.; Castellani, D.
Subjects:
oil palms, agroforestry, production
Publication type:
Journal Article, Non-ISI, Publication
Year:
2019
ISSN:
1876-5866
