Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
The chapter begins by considering the conceptual underpinnings of PES conditionality and what they might mean for the design of PES schemes ranging along the PES continuum. This is then followed by examples of how conditionality can unfold in practice, drawing on three cases from Indonesia. The focus is on the context in which the schemes were established and how conditionality was designed and implemented in them.
Authors:
Hayde, J.
Subjects:
ecosystem services, incentive
Publication type:
Chapter-R, Publication
Year:
2017
