Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
A functional MRV system, capable of estimating net emissions and removals against an REL, is a major step in REDD+ readiness. The IPCC (2006) put forth guidelines focused on activity data and emission factors, which are central to estimating emission reductions. Activity data reflect the area in which carbon changes occur over time, while emission factors reflect changes in carbon stock densities per unit area. Activity data are generally produced by repeated measurements from a remote-sensing platform, while emission factors are estimated by ground measurements of carbon and noncarbon GHGs.
Authors:
Joseph, S.
Subjects:
climate change
Publication type:
Chapter-R, Publication
Year:
2014
