Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
The forestry carbon trades would not only help China against the climate change but also bring other ecosystem services along with reforestation and afforestation. China as a biggest carbon dioxide, is also suffering environmental degradation because of urgent economic development and corruption. However, China has also made a big effort on environmental improvements. To achieve a greener landscape, several reforestation and afforestation programs have been implemented since 1990s, e.g. Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) (also known as Conversion of Cropland to Forests Program (CCFP), and Grain for Green program) and Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP).
Authors:
Zhuang-Fang, Y.
Subjects:
ecosystem services, incentive
Publication type:
Chapter-R, Publication
Year:
2017
