Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
Knowledge of carbon footprints of ecosystems is important for both consumers and policy makers. In spite of differences in experimental methods, mangrove composition/structure, and land-use approaches, our study and those referenced in Henriksson et al. conclude that the carbon footprint of shrimp arising from mangrove conversion is about the largest of any food that one can consume.
Authors:
Kauffman, J.B.; Arifanti, V.B.; Bernardino, A.F.; Ferreira, T.O.; Murdiyarso, D.; Cifuentes, M.; Norfolk, J.
Subjects:
use, carbon, shrimps
Publication type:
ISI, Letter, Publication
Year:
2018
ISSN:
1540-9309
