Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
Key messages
- At our study site in West Kalimantan, Dayak people practicing traditional agriculture consumed more fruit and fish than people living in villages where oil palm was grown. Likewise, at the Papuan study site, those who collected and hunted in forests, ate more fruit, fish and meat than fellow Papuans working in oil palm.
- Those working in oil palm consumed more processed foods, which can lead to chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes.
- Children from the households working in oil palm consumed more dairy products and eggs than children of households practicing traditional agriculture, hunting and collecting.
- Diets associated with traditional livelihoods can be healthy, and in some respects, healthier than more ‘modern’ diets.
- In both study sites, signs of under-nutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight and anemia) and over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) co-existed. In the oil palm site in West Kalimantan, the rate of wasting among children under five was higher than that seen in traditional households; in the Papua site, there was a higher rate of anemia among mothers working in oil palm, compared with mothers in traditional households.
- Programs should be put in place to encourage people to maintain consumption of healthy traditional foods and avoid too many processed and sugary foods. This will allow people to gain the benefits of market integration without losing the benefits of traditional diets.
- Many wild foods can contribute to healthy diets. Access to forests may help ensure communities consume more of these nutrient-rich foods.
- In Papua, people are switching from sago to rice as their staple food. The health and nutrition implications of this are not well understood, but there is a risk that the cultural value of sago consumption might be lost.
Authors:
Purwestri, R.C.; Powell, B.; Rowland, D.; Wirawan, N.N.; Waliyo, E.; Lamanepa, M.; Habibie, Y.; Ickowitz, A.
Subjects:
foods, oil palms, agriculture, households, consumption, health
Publication type:
Brief, Publication
Year:
2019
