In the myriad national and sub-national Latin American contexts, oil-palm expansion has led to varied and often controversial outcomes. Evidence is emerging that oil-palm agroforestry can have positive impacts on smallholders’ livelihoods, the environment and the plant’s reputation but barriers remain to wide-scale adoption. In 2007, cosmetic company Natura Brasil established a partnership with Tomé-açu Comprehensive Agricultural Cooperative (CAMTA) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/Embrapa) to explore oil-palm agroforestry. The partnership was triggered by Natura’s strong corporate interest in socially and environmentally responsible supply chains.