Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
How does MELIA work?
| The MELIA system comprises: | |
| • | A framework for ensuring “quality of research for development” (QoR4D) in its four dimensions within the program, given the mandate of FTA, the function of the different tools developed, and respective duties and responsibilities of the different structures and institutions involved. |
| • | Program-level theories of change (ToC) that articulate the hypothesized relationships between FTA’s research, engagement and capacity development and intended results (outcomes and impacts). These are presented in narrative and diagrammatic forms to illustrate and explain how FTA works within “impact pathways”, from outputs (i.e. elements in the sphere of control of the program) to outcomes (in the sphere of influence of the program) in a way that will contribute to positive development impacts (in our sphere of interest). |
| • | Specific, testable ToC at activity/cluster of activity (CoA) level, which can be monitored and evaluated using outcome evaluation. |
| • | A suite of tools and approaches for foresight modelling and ex ante impact assessment, research planning, monitoring progress, program evaluation, outcome evaluation and ex post impact assessment. |
| • | A program information database that records data on outputs, partnerships, engagement, expected outcomes and associated impacts. |
Theory of change
A theory of change (ToC) is an explicit articulation of the hypothesized relationships between initiative strategies (the intervention) and intended results (outcomes and impacts), presented as a narrative and/or diagram that illustrates and explains the results chain from project-level activities through outputs, outcomes and impact.