Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
Bushmeat use in urban areas of the Amazon has received very little attention by NGOs, and environmental and research institutions, either because it is assumed that urban consumption is negligible and bound to disappear, or because of the illegality of the trade, which makes it difficult to assess. Our study shows animal protein consumption moves along a rural-to-urban gradient, with a decrease of fish and bushmeat consumption and an increase in consumption of industrial chicken and canned meats as we move to more urban areas. The nutritional transition that occurs alongside urbanization is also characterized by a decrease in both dietary diversity and the nutritional value of the food consumed. Despite the fact that bushmeat is not frequently consumed in urban areas as compared with rural settings, it is still consumed by urban households, particularly for cultural reasons. In fact, the assumed demise of urban bushmeat consumption has not taken place. Bushmeat is provided to urban consumers either through a well-organized and lucrative trade chain from the hunter to markets and restaurants, or through a rural-urban non-monetary flow of exchange, particularly among indigenous householders who have relatives living in forest areas. Our results call for more attention to be paid to the role that forests continue to play in providing food and income in urban areas of the Amazon. We also call for the need to invest in preservation and sustainable use strategies in the Amazon, to ensure biodiversity conservation while maintaining the diversity of roles that wildlife plays among rural and urban households in the Amazon.
Authors:
Van Vliet, N.; Mesa, M.P.Q.; Antia, D.C.; Morsello, C.; Adams, C.; Mori, F.; Yague, B.; Hernandez, S.; Bonilla, T.; Tellez, L.; de Aquino, L.J.N.; Moreno, J.; Schor, T.; de Oliveira Princi, M.; Haiden, E.; Trujillo, F.; Nasi, R.
Subjects:
food security, households, household income, animal proteins, food consumption, food intake, forests, game meat, meat and livestock industry, poultry, rural areas, trade, urban areas, game animals
Publication type:
Paper-R, Publication
Year:
2014
