Independent oil palm smallholders are particularly struggling to comply with the increasingly strict rules in the sector, says the research article: Certification, good agricultural practice and smallholder heterogeneity: Differentiated pathways for resolving compliance gaps in the Indonesian oil palm sector. The article estimates that only 2.4 percent of independent smallholders in its research sites in Central and West Kalimantan are currently able to comply with the requirements of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification system.
-
Restoration
-
Plantations and tree crop commodities
-
Enhanced nutrition and food security
-
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation
-
Nationally determined contributions
-
Bioenergy and biomaterials
-
Blue carbon and peatlands
-
Climate change adaptation
-
Landscape governance
-
Gender
-
Silvopastoral systems
-
Market-based agroforestry-forestry
-
Farm-forest policy interface
-
Agroecology
-
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment
-
Inclusive finance and business models
-
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes
-
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation
-
Orphan tree crops
-
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply
-
Quality of FTA research for development
-
Sentinel landscapes
-
Foresight
-
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems
-
Smallholder tree-crop commodities
